What are Templates in C++ ? How are Templates declared and used ?
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Many data structures and algorithms can be defined independently of the type of data they manipulate.
A template allows the separation of the type dependent part from the type independent part. This results in a significant amount of code reusability. Templates can be class templates or function templates. A class template is used for creating a class in which one more values are parameterized. The syntax of a class template is:
template class class-name
{
…
};
A class template can also have multiple parameters.
template class class-name
{
…
};
Example -
template class Array
{
private:
T *arr [];
public:
Array (int size = 10);
};
template Array::Array(int size)
{
arr = new T[size];
}
Create an Array object as: Array a; The function template is also written using the keyword template.
E.g. template class void push (T &element)
{
arr[top] = element;
}
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- What are Virtual Functions ? Why do we need Virtual Functions? Explain with an example.
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